{"id":2199,"date":"2025-02-05T13:08:34","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T12:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=2199"},"modified":"2025-03-03T13:57:50","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T12:57:50","slug":"himalaya-folding","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/de\/lithosphere\/himalaya-folding\/","title":{"rendered":"Salar de Atacama"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Lithiumabbau in den Anden<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit10_1_salar-de-atacama\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"670\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Hintergrund<\/h3>\n<p>Der Salar de Atacama in Chile bedeckt eine Fl&#xE4;che von etwa 3050 km&#xB2; und ist damit die gr&#xF6;&#xDF;te Salztonebene dieses Landes. Diese Ebene liegt auf einer Meeresh&#xF6;he von 2300 m in der s&#xFC;damerikanischen Gebirgskette der Anden. Die Oberfl&#xE4;che des Salars besteht aus Salz, das mit Sand vermischt ist und daher im Satellitenbild br&#xE4;unlich erscheint.<\/p>\n<p>Die umgebenden Bergketten verhindern, dass die Region von Regenwolken erreicht wird, sodass es hier nur &#xE4;u&#xDF;erst wenig Niederschlag gibt. Mit nur etwa 2 mm Regen pro Jahr geh&#xF6;rt die Gegend zu den trockensten der Erde. Wenn es Regen gibt, flie&#xDF;t das Wasser angereichert mit Mineralien und Salzen zum tiefsten Punkt des Einzugsgebiets, der abflusslosen Salztonebene. Hier verdunstet das Wasser und die Salze und Mineralien reichern sich an.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/03\/Salar_de_Atacama-610x405.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" align=\"left\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Auf diese Weise hat sich ein Solek&#xF6;rper gebildet, der bis zu 1,7 km unter die Oberfl&#xE4;che reicht. Er besteht gro&#xDF;teils aus Kochsalz (etwa 90%) und ist reich an Lithium, Kalium, Magnesium und Bor. Die Sole wird an die Oberfl&#xE4;che des Salars gepumpt. Aufgrund der extrem hohen Verdunstungsrate der Region (3500 mm pro Jahr) verdunstet das Wasser rasch, &#xFC;brig bleiben die Salze und Mineralstoffe. Durch diese speziellen Gegebenheiten ist der Salar de Atacama heute eine der wichtigsten Abbaust&#xE4;tten f&#xFC;r Lithium, mit etwa 36 Prozent der globalen Lithiumproduktion und 27 Prozent der weltweit bekannten Lithiumreserven. Das Element Lithium ist zuletzt immer bedeutender geworden, weil es f&#xFC;r die Herstellung effizienter Akkus f&#xFC;r elektrische Fahrzeuge, aber auch f&#xFC;r Smartphones ben&#xF6;tigt wird.<\/p>\n<p>Die Falschfarben-Infrarotbilder in der Karte zeigen die Vegetation rot. In dieser kahlen Umgebung sind nur kleine Vegetationsflecken entlang des &#xF6;stlichen Rands der Salztonebene zu erkennen. Durch den Abbau von Rohstoffen wird auch der Wasserhaushalt der Region beeintr&#xE4;chtigt. Unter der Belastung leiden auch die Anden-Flamingos, die hier ihren Lebensraum haben.<\/p>\n<h3>&#xDC;bungen<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Satellitenkarte:\n<ul>\n<li>Deaktiviere alle Satellitenbilder au&#xDF;er jenem von 1985.<\/li>\n<li>Beschreibe die Strukturen, die du siehst. Wie macht sich der Salzsee bemerkbar?<\/li>\n<li>Welche Spuren menschlicher Aktivit&#xE4;ten sind auf dem und um den Salzsee erkennbar?<\/li>\n<li>Aktiviere nun das Satellitenbild von 1990. Was hat sich ge&#xE4;ndert? Was k&#xF6;nnte der Grund f&#xFC;r die rasterf&#xF6;rmigen Linien auf der Oberfl&#xE4;che des Salzsees sein?<\/li>\n<li>Aktiviere nun das Satellitenbild von 2020 und vergleiche. Verwende den Ma&#xDF;stabsbalken oder das Messwerkzeug, um die Ausdehnung der Verdampfungsbecken f&#xFC;r die Lithiumproduktion abzusch&#xE4;tzen. Gibt es auch au&#xDF;erhalb der Verdampfungsbecken Ver&#xE4;nderungen?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>EO Browser:\n<ul>\n<li>&#xD6;ffne den EO Browser.<\/li>\n<li>Suche die aktuellste <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Sentinel\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sentinel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Series of six different Earth Observation satellite types under responsibility of ESA in the Copernicus programme.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/de\/glossary\/sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentinel<\/a>-2-Aufnahme f&#xFC;r die Fl&#xE4;che der Fallbeispiels.<\/li>\n<li>Verwende eine Falschfarben-Infrarotdarstellung &#xE4;hnlich der Satellitenkarte.<\/li>\n<li>Vergleiche die Ausdehnung der Verdampfungsteiche mit der in der j&#xFC;ngsten Aufnahme des Fallbeispiels. Kannst du Ver&#xE4;nderungen feststellen? Welche Gr&#xFC;nde k&#xF6;nnte es f&#xFC;r diese Feststellung geben?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quellen und Links<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ESA\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ESA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The European Space Agency&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/de\/glossary\/esa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ESA<\/a> Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Videos\/2017\/11\/Earth_from_Space_Salar_de_Atacama\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Videos\/2017\/11\/Earth_from_Space_Salar_de_Atacama<\/a><\/li>\n<li>ESA Applications: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2020\/05\/Atacama_minerals\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2020\/05\/Atacama_minerals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/The_Atacama_Desert_Chile\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/The_Atacama_Desert_Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/11\/Salar_de_Atacama_Chile\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2017\/11\/Salar_de_Atacama_Chile<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lithiumabbau in den Anden Hintergrund Der Salar de Atacama in Chile bedeckt eine Fl&#xE4;che von etwa 3050 km&#xB2; und ist damit die gr&#xF6;&#xDF;te Salztonebene dieses Landes. Diese Ebene liegt auf einer Meeresh&#xF6;he von 2300 m in der s&#xFC;damerikanischen Gebirgskette der Anden. Die Oberfl&#xE4;che des Salars besteht aus Salz, das mit Sand vermischt ist und daher [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2199","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"de","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Salar de Atacama - ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/de\/lithosphere\/himalaya-folding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Salar de Atacama - 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