{"id":1040,"date":"2023-11-08T18:05:21","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T17:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eovision.at\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=1040"},"modified":"2025-03-03T13:55:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T12:55:51","slug":"cairo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/anthroposphere\/cairo\/","title":{"rendered":"Cairo"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A sprawling metropolis at the Nile River<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant25_1_cairo\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"670\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p>Located at the fertile banks of the Nile River, Cairo, the capital of Egypt, has a rich history that traces its roots back over 4,000 years. One fascinating aspect of Cairo&#x2019;s development is its proximity to the Giza Plateau, home to the Pyramids and the Great Sphinx.<\/p>\n<p>Cairo&#x2019;s foundation dates to the 10th century AD when the Fatimid Caliphate established it as a strategic military outpost. Initially a center of governance and trade, the city gradually expanded as an urban hub. The influence of Giza&#x2019;s ancient monuments on the city&#x2019;s development cannot be understated, as the pyramids attracted pilgrims and travelers from around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Over the centuries, Cairo became a melting pot of cultures, blending ancient Egyptian, Islamic, and various regional influences. The Islamic heritage of Cairo, evident in its mosques and palaces, merged with the ancient structures of Giza. As Cairo grew, it extended westward, embracing the Giza Plateau and incorporating the nearby villages.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1110\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1110\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1110\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-610x458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-610x458.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-930x698.jpg 930w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/Giza.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"\/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modern Cairo has come closer and closer to the ancient pyramids of Giza (photograph: KaiAbuSir).<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In contemporary times, Cairo has evolved into a bustling metropolis, but its close association with Giza remains a vital aspect of its identity. The Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx continue to serve as prominent symbols of Egyptian heritage, drawing tourists and archaeologists from across the globe. As a result, Cairo&#x2019;s proximity to these ancient wonders has played a significant role in establishing the city as an indispensable center for tourism, education, and cultural exchange.<\/p>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A free-flying object orbiting the Earth, another planet, or the sun.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/satellite\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Satellite<\/a> Map:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Look at the satellite image maps and click on the layer selector in the upper right. Deselect the layer group &#xAB;<strong>Cairo Detail<\/strong>&#xBB; by unticking the respective box.<\/li>\n<li>Toggle between the satellite images of the group &#xAB;<strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: delta\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;delta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Triangularly shaped river mouth formed by sediments carried by the river.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/delta\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Delta<\/a><\/strong>&#xBB; from <strong>2023<\/strong> and <strong>2002<\/strong>. Where are the modifications of the landscape most prominent?<\/li>\n<li>Where can you find an increase of acricultural land, where a decrease? What do you think are the sources of water required for irrigating these areas?<\/li>\n<li>Deselect the layer group &#xAB;<strong>Delta<\/strong>&#xBB; by unticking the respective box.<\/li>\n<li>Add the layer group &#xAB;<strong>Cairo Detail<\/strong>&#xBB; and zoom to the extent of these images.<\/li>\n<li>Toggle again between the satellite images from <strong>1987<\/strong> and <strong>2023<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Which differences can you identify? Focus on the built-up area.<\/li>\n<li>Can you identify the pyramids of Giza? How has their environment changed?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Copernicus\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Copernicus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Former name GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), the EU&#x2019;s Copernicus Earth observation programme, comprising in-situ elements (measurement tools) and the space segment (satellites).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/copernicus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Copernicus<\/a> Browser:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the case study area in the <a href=\"https:\/\/link.dataspace.copernicus.eu\/1r9w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copernicus Browser<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Find the most recent <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Sentinel\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sentinel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Series of six different Earth Observation satellite types under responsibility of ESA in the Copernicus programme.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentinel<\/a>-2 dataset covering the area displayed in the satellite map.<\/li>\n<li>Select a true colour visualisation.<\/li>\n<li>Compare with the Satellite Map. Can you identify additional substantial changes (check e.g. built-up areas)?<\/li>\n<li>Select the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: false colour\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;false colour&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A colour imaging process which produces an image of a colour that does not correspond to the true or natural colour of the scene (as seen by our eyes). In Earth observation often used e.g. with infrared data (False colour Infrared, FIR).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/false-colour\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">false colour<\/a> infrared representation. Can you identify the land-use of the most intensely vegetated areas (represented by bright red colours)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Links and Sources<\/h3>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Downloads:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr><tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/><\/td>\n<td>\nPDF document of the case study (includes exercises):<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant25_1_cairo\/ANT25_1_EN_Cairo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant25_1_cairo\/ANT25_1_DE_Cairo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant25_1_cairo\/ANT25_1_FR_Cairo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant25_1_cairo\/ANT25_1_IT_Cairo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant25_1_cairo\/ANT25_1_ES_Cairo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Spanish<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10px;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2021\/11\/Cairo_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ESA\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ESA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The European Space Agency&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/esa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>esa<\/a>.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2021\/11\/Cairo_Egypt<\/a> &#x2013; growth of Cairo between 1985 and 2015, results of the World Settlement Footprint Evolution based on satellite data.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2015\/11\/Cairo_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2015\/11\/Cairo_Egypt<\/a>  &#x2013; description of a Sentinel-2 dataset showing Cairo at the rim of the Nile delta.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Cairo_and_the_Nile_Delta_Egypt\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Cairo_and_the_Nile_Delta_Egypt<\/a> &#x2013; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Envisat\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Envisat&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Environmental Satellite mission, 2002-2012; large platform monitoring the environmental changes on earth and in the atmosphere, scientific mission to study Earth observation applications.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/envisat\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Envisat<\/a> <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ASAR\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASAR&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar - a radar sensor on the satellite ENVISAT operating in C-band.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/asar\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ASAR<\/a> radar satellite image of Cairo highlighting the fertile land in the valley and delta of the Nile (data: 2004).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/earth-watching\/image-of-the-week\/content\/-\/article\/cairo-egypt-sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/earth-watching\/image-of-the-week\/content\/-\/article\/cairo-egypt-sentinel\/<\/a> &#x2013; ESA Earth Watching page covering Cairo with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 image (data: 2016).<br>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A sprawling metropolis at the Nile River Background Located at the fertile banks of the Nile River, Cairo, the capital of Egypt, has a rich history that traces its roots back over 4,000 years. One fascinating aspect of Cairo&#x2019;s development is its proximity to the Giza Plateau, home to the Pyramids and the Great Sphinx. [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":101,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1040","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"es","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cairo - ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/anthroposphere\/cairo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cairo - 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