{"id":3301,"date":"2026-02-03T16:04:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T15:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=3301"},"modified":"2026-02-03T16:04:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T15:04:45","slug":"weipa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/lithosphere\/weipa\/","title":{"rendered":"Weipa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Bauxite Mining in Australia<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit09_3_weipa\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Located on the western side of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland, Australia, <strong>Weipa <\/strong>is a coastal town with a population of about 4,000 people. It is one of the most important mining towns in Australia due to rich deposits of <strong>bauxite<\/strong>, the main raw material used to produce <strong>aluminium<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The land around Weipa was traditionally owned and managed by Aboriginal peoples, particularly the Alngith people. Large bauxite deposits were discovered in the 1950s, and mining started in 1963. Weipa was built to support the mining industry, with housing, schools, a hospital, an airport, and a deep-water port. Several thousand jobs are directly or indirectly linked to bauxite extraction, transport, and port operations. Mining activity has shaped the infrastructure and daily life of the town. Although Weipa is remote and sparsely populated, it plays a key role in the global economy. Each year, tens of millions of tonnes of bauxite leave its port.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3304\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3304\" class=\"wp-image-3304 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-610x395.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a huge bucket wheel excavator used in the bauxite mine.\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-610x395.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-930x602.jpg 930w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-232x150.jpg 232w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-400x259.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/comalco_bauxite_mine.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"\/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3304\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Huge bucket wheel excavator used in the bauxite mine.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Bauxite and Aluminium<\/strong><br>\nBauxite is the primary source of aluminium. To produce 1 tonne of aluminium, about 4&#x2013;5 tonnes of bauxite are required. Aluminium is widely used because it is lightweight, durable, and recyclable. The bauxite reserves near Weipa are among the largest in the world, and the Weipa mining area produces roughly 35 million tonnes of bauxite per year, making it one of the biggest bauxite mining operations globally. Australia is the world&#x2019;s largest exporter of bauxite, supplying major economies such as China, Japan, and South Korea.<\/p>\n<p>Bauxite mining in Weipa is mainly open-pit mining, which requires clearing large areas of land. Individual mining sites can cover several square kilometres, affecting ecosystems, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: soil\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;soil&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Biologically active, porous medium that covers the uppermost layer of Earth&lsquo;s crust.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/soil\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>soil<\/a> quality, and water systems. In Weipa, rehabilitation programs aim to restore vegetation within 5&ndash;10 years after mining is completed. Native plant species are replanted, and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A free-flying object orbiting the Earth, another planet, or the sun.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/satellite\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">satellite<\/a> monitoring is used to track recovery. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: indigenous\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;indigenous&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Group of people native to a specific region.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/indigenous\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Indigenous<\/a> <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: land use\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;land use&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The characteristics of a land surface as determined by its use (the unique way in which a given type of land is &#x2013; or is not &#x2013; exploited by man).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/land-use\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">land use<\/a> agreements play an important role, providing employment, training, and decision-making opportunities for local Aboriginal communities.<\/p>\n<p>Satellite data is a valuable tool for managing mining activities and reducing environmental impacts. Earth-observing satellites, such as those in the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Sentinel\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sentinel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Series of six different Earth Observation satellite types under responsibility of ESA in the Copernicus programme.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentinel<\/a> program, collect images of the same area every few days, allowing scientists and authorities to measure changes in <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: land cover\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;land cover&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The characteristics of a land surface as determined by its spectral signature (the unique way in which a given type of land cover reflects and absorbs light).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/land-cover\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">land cover<\/a>, vegetation health, and water quality over time.<\/p>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Satellite Map:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Look at the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite image map\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite image map&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Map created based on satellite image data.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/satellite-image-map\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">satellite image map<\/a>. At start, the true color satellite images are active. Use the <strong>layer selector<\/strong> to deselect and select the true color layers from <strong>2015<\/strong> and <strong>2025<\/strong>&#xA0;by unticking\/ticking the respective boxes.<\/li>\n<li>Which land cover classes can you identify? Think about water bodies, forests (mangroves along the rivers), bushland, and mining areas. Where can you see traces of human activities?<\/li>\n<li>Add the true color satellite image from <strong>2015<\/strong> and zoom in. Where can you identify mining activities?<\/li>\n<li>Add the satellite image from <strong>2025<\/strong> and repeat your assessment.<\/li>\n<li>While the main changes are related to the mining activities in the region, there are other, natural changes, too &#x2013; compare e.g. the size of the town of Weipa in 2015 with that in 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Deselect the true color images and select the <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: NDSI\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NDSI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Normalized Difference Soil Index: Method to assess the proportion of bare soil of a surface based on near infrared and shortwave infrared data: NDSI = (NIR - SWIR)\/(NIR + SWIR). Sometimes NDSI can refer to a Snow Index or a Salinity Index.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/ndsi\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>NDSI<\/a> maps of 2015 and 2025, respectively. What can you say about the information content of these maps?<\/li>\n<li>Use the <strong>measure tool<\/strong> to assess the area affected by mining activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Copernicus\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Copernicus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Former name GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), the EU&#x2019;s Copernicus Earth observation programme, comprising in-situ elements (measurement tools) and the space segment (satellites).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/copernicus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Copernicus<\/a> Browser:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the case study araea in the <a href=\"https:\/\/link.dataspace.copernicus.eu\/jw4g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copernicus Browser<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Find the most recent <strong>Sentinel-2<\/strong> dataset covering the area displayed in the satellite map. Is it easy to find (more or less) cloud-free images? Why\/why not?<\/li>\n<li>Select a true colour visualisation.<\/li>\n<li>Can you identify additional, recent changes in the area (check e.g. mining areas)?<\/li>\n<li>Select other types of visualisation. Try to identify applications, for which they are useful.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Links and Sources<\/h3>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Downloads:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/><\/td>\n<td>PDF document of the case study (includes exercises):<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit09_3_weipa\/LIT09_3_EN_Weipa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit09_3_weipa\/LIT09_3_DE_Weipa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit09_3_weipa\/LIT09_3_FR_Weipa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit09_3_weipa\/LIT09_3_IT_Weipa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/lit09_3_weipa\/LIT09_3_ES_Weipa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Spanish<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10px;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eol.jsc.nasa.gov\/Collections\/EarthFromSpace\/printinfo.pl?PHOTO=STS073-759-93\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/eol.jsc.<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: NASA\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NASA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA, established in 1958 with Headquarters in Washington D.C., is the agency responsible for the public space program of the USA. Its mission is to plan, direct, and conduct aeronautical and space activities.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/nasa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>nasa<\/a>.gov\/Collections\/EarthFromSpace\/printinfo.pl?PHOTO=STS073-759-93<\/a> &#x2013; an astronaut&#x2019;s photo of the region, taken in 1995<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/capeyorkweekly.com.au\/weipa-space-base-has-great-national-significance-morrison\/16002\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/capeyorkweekly.com.au\/weipa-space-base-has-great-national-significance-morrison\/16002\/<\/a> &#x2013; article about Weipa Space Port<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/photojournal\/weipa-queensland-australia\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/photojournal\/weipa-queensland-australia\/<\/a> &ndash; TERRA\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ASTER\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ASTER&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer - An imaging instrument on NASA&rsquo;s Terra. ASTER is used to obtain detailed maps of land surface temperature, emissivity, reflectance, and elevation.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/es\/glossary\/aster\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Aster<\/a> satellite image of the Weipa region\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bauxite Mining in Australia Located on the western side of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland, Australia, Weipa is a coastal town with a population of about 4,000 people. It is one of the most important mining towns in Australia due to rich deposits of bauxite, the main raw material used to produce aluminium. The [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3301","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"es","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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