{"id":2220,"date":"2025-02-05T13:40:42","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T12:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=2220"},"modified":"2025-03-03T13:56:43","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T12:56:43","slug":"arctic-sea-ice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/cryosphere\/arctic-sea-ice\/","title":{"rendered":"Arctic Sea Ice"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Arctic Sea Ice<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Arctic sea ice, a vital component of Earth&#x2019;s <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: climate\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;climate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Average weather conditions for a particular location over a long period of time, e.g. 30 years.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/climate\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">climate<\/a> system, plays a crucial role in regulating global temperatures and sustaining <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: biodiversity\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;biodiversity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;biological diversity, variety of all living things and their interactions in an area.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">biodiversity<\/a>. Covering approximately 14 million square kilometres at its maximum extent in winter, it forms a reflective shield, bouncing back <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: solar radiation\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;solar radiation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Electromagnetic energy received from the sun. The energy comes from different parts of the spectrum, such as visible light, radio waves, infrared, ultraviolet waves, and x-rays.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/solar-radiation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">solar radiation<\/a> and thus cooling the planet. During the summer months, Arctic sea ice shrinks to its lowest extent, reaching a minimum around September.<\/p>\n<p>The vast expanse of Arctic sea ice has been diminishing in recent years, with its minimum extent during the summer months receding to around 3-4 million square kilometres. Additionally, the thickness of Arctic sea ice has decreased by more than 40% since the 1980s, primarily due to the warming effects of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: climate change\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;climate change&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns due to natural or man-made effects.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">climate change<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The consequences of diminishing Arctic sea ice are far-reaching. Apart from contributing to rising sea levels, it also disrupts weather patterns, influences ocean circulation, and threatens the habitats of various Arctic species, including polar bears, seals, and walruses. Furthermore, the loss of sea ice opens new opportunities for shipping routes and resource extraction, intensifying geopolitical tensions in the region.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A free-flying object orbiting the Earth, another planet, or the sun.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/satellite\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Satellite<\/a> data plays an important role in monitoring and understanding the changes occurring in Arctic sea ice. Satellite technologies provide accurate measurements of ice extent, thickness, and movement, enabling scientists to track trends over time and assess the impacts of climate change with unprecedented precision. These satellite observations have revealed alarming trends, including the accelerated rate of ice loss and the emergence of thin, seasonal ice that is more vulnerable to melting. In particular, satellite data facilitates the assessment of feedback mechanisms amplifying Arctic warming, such as the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: albedo\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;albedo&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The ratio of the outgoing solar radiation reflected by an object to the incoming solar radiation incident upon it.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/albedo\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">albedo<\/a> effect, whereby diminishing ice cover leads to increased <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: absorption\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;absorption&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The process in which radiant energy is retained by a substance&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/absorption\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">absorption<\/a> of solar <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: radiation\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;radiation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles that release energy when absorbed by an object.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/radiation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">radiation<\/a>, further accelerating melting. This comprehensive understanding derived from satellite observations informs climate models, helping to improve projections of future sea ice behaviour and its implications for global climate dynamics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2576\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"25%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal.jpg 662w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-610x610.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_seasonal-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\"\/><br>\n<em>Seasonal variation of the Arctic sea ice extent in two<\/em>&#xA0;different<em> years (blue: 1980, red: 2023).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2577\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-930x658.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"35%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-930x658.jpg 930w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-610x431.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-212x150.jpg 212w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-400x283.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index-600x424.jpg 600w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/diag_arctic_seaice_index.jpg 1107w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\"\/><br>\n<em>Development of the Arctic area covered by sea ice during March, June, September (the month with minimum sea ice coverage), and December.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Satellite Map:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Look at the visualisation of the Arctic sea ice extent in September. Use the layer selector to select the respective sea ice extent layers and try to estimate the proportion of ice lost between 1980 and 2020.<\/li>\n<li>Compare your findings with the diagram below. Is the change in the other months shown in the diagram smaller or larger?<\/li>\n<li>What advantages and disadvantages of this ice loss can you imagine? Think about animals living in the region and about the economic potential (navigation, oil exploration).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Downloads:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr><tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/><\/td>\n<td>\nPDF document of the case study (includes exercises):<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/CRY01_1_EN_ArcticIce.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/CRY01_1_DE_ArcticIce.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/CRY01_1_FR_ArcticIce.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/CRY01_1_IT_ArcticIce.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/CRY01_1_ES_ArcticIce.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Spanish<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/>\n<\/td>\n<td>\nThis case study is covered on page 42 of the printed <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ESA\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ESA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The European Space Agency&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/esa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ESA<\/a> Schoolatlas &ndash; download the PDF document of the page:<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/ESA_Schoolatlas_EN_Page42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/ESA_Schoolatlas_DE_Page42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/ESA_Schoolatlas_FR_Page42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/ESA_Schoolatlas_IT_Page42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/cry01_1_arctic-ice\/ESA_Schoolatlas_ES_Page42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10px;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cfs.climate.esa.int\/index.html#\/stories\/story-15\/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cfs.climate.esa.int\/index.html#\/stories\/story-15\/3<\/a> &#x2013; ESA Climate Change Initiative story about the history of the Northwest Passage and changes in the Arctic sea ice due to global warming.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Space_for_our_climate\/An_improved_view_of_global_sea_ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Space_for_our_climate\/An_improved_view_of_global_sea_ice<\/a> &#x2013; ESA report on technical improvements of sea ice data from satellites.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arctic Sea Ice Arctic sea ice, a vital component of Earth&#x2019;s climate system, plays a crucial role in regulating global temperatures and sustaining biodiversity. Covering approximately 14 million square kilometres at its maximum extent in winter, it forms a reflective shield, bouncing back solar radiation and thus cooling the planet. During the summer months, Arctic [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1645,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2220","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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