{"id":2732,"date":"2025-02-18T18:14:03","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T17:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=2732"},"modified":"2025-03-19T11:02:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T10:02:06","slug":"shanghai","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/anthroposphere\/shanghai\/","title":{"rendered":"Shanghai"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Growth of a Megacity<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant07_2_shanghai\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Shanghai, China&#x2019;s largest city, has experienced rapid growth over the past century. Located on the eastern coast of China, it is an important port city at the mouth of the Yangtze River. Its expansion has been driven by trade, industry, and global investment, making it one of the world&#x2019;s most influential economic centres.<\/p>\n<p>Shanghai became a major trading hub already in the 19th century due to its strategic location. The establishment of the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone in 2013 further boosted trade. Over the last century, millions of people migrated to Shanghai for job opportunities, leading to an increase in housing, infrastructure, and services. This development was further enhanced, when in 1978 China introduced economic reforms, attracting foreign companies and businesses to Shanghai, leading to rapid industrial and commercial expansion. During this process the city developed an <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: extensive\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;extensive&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Farming: Agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilizers, and capital, and producing small output relative to the land area being farmed.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/extensive\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">extensive<\/a> transport network, including high-speed rail, highways, and one of the world&#x2019;s busiest ports, making it easier for people and goods to move efficiently.<\/p>\n<p>Shanghai&#x2019;s rapid expansion has transformed its <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: land use\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;land use&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The characteristics of a land surface as determined by its use (the unique way in which a given type of land is &#x2013; or is not &#x2013; exploited by man).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/land-use\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">land use<\/a>. The city centre, once dominated by traditional housing and colonial-era buildings, is now filled with skyscrapers, financial centres, and commercial districts. The Pudong area, which was mainly farmland, has become a modern financial hub with landmarks like the Shanghai Tower. This is reflected in the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A free-flying object orbiting the Earth, another planet, or the sun.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/satellite\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">satellite<\/a> images, in which the green belt around the city is more and more lost.<\/p>\n<p>In the wider environment, rural areas surrounding Shanghai have been converted into industrial zones, highways, and satellite cities. Farmland has been replaced with factories and housing developments, while green spaces have been reduced. However, efforts have been made to improve <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: sustainability\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;sustainability&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Making use of the Earth&amp;#039;s resources while meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/sustainability\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sustainability<\/a>, such as the development of eco-friendly industrial parks and urban greening projects.<\/p>\n<p>Satellite data is useful for monitoring Shanghai&#x2019;s growth and land use change. High-<a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: resolution\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;resolution&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Level of detail an image holds. It is typically measured by the size of pixels (area on the Earth surface covered by one pixel) in the image, often expressed as width &#xD7; height, and indicates how much detail can be captured or displayed. Higher resolution means more detail and clarity in the image.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/resolution\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">resolution<\/a> satellite images help track urban expansion, deforestation, and land-use changes over time. Scientists and urban planners use this data to analyse the impact of development on the environment, assess pollution levels, and plan future infrastructure. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: remote sensing\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;remote sensing&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The technology of acquiring data and information about an object or phenomena by a device without physical contact. Earth remote sensing refers to gathering information about the Earth and its environment from a distance, e.g. with satellites.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/remote-sensing\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Remote sensing<\/a> technology also helps in disaster management, such as monitoring flooding risks in low-lying areas of the city.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2741\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-930x581.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"50%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-930x581.jpg 930w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-610x381.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-1536x960.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-240x150.jpg 240w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-1600x1000.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-400x250.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population-600x375.jpg 600w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/shanghai_population.jpg 1653w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\"\/><br>\n<em>Shanghai, population development since 1953 (source: China Data Lab).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Satellite Map:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Look at the satellite image from <strong>1986 <\/strong>and try to identify areas with different types of land use (e.g. densely built up, agriculture, water bodies).<\/li>\n<li>Use the <strong>layer selector<\/strong> to switch the most recent image from <strong>2023 <\/strong>on and off. Try to identify areas, where the land use has changed.<\/li>\n<li>What features and changes in the images indicate urbanization? (Think about increased road networks, reduced green spaces)<\/li>\n<li>Use the <strong>measure tool<\/strong> to asses Shanghai&#x2019;s urban area (built up area) in 1986. Is this possible with the image from 2023, too? Based on the trends, predict one challenge the city might face in the future and suggest a solution.<\/li>\n<li>Urban expansion often reduces green spaces and farmland. Where can you find examples for this? Discuss possible environmental problems caused by Shanghai&#x2019;s growth and suggest ways these problems could be addressed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Copernicus\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Copernicus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Former name GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), the EU&#x2019;s Copernicus Earth observation programme, comprising in-situ elements (measurement tools) and the space segment (satellites).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/copernicus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Copernicus<\/a> Browser:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the <a href=\"https:\/\/link.dataspace.copernicus.eu\/gs4w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copernicus Browser<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Find the most recent <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Sentinel\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sentinel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Series of six different Earth Observation satellite types under responsibility of ESA in the Copernicus programme.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentinel<\/a>-2 dataset covering the area displayed in the satellite map<\/li>\n<li>Select a true colour representation<\/li>\n<li>Can you identify additional, recent changes in the area (focus e.g. on the area along the coast)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Links and Sources<\/h3>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Downloads:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/><\/td>\n<td>PDF document of the case study (includes exercises):<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant07_2_shanghai\/ANT07_2_EN_Shanghai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant07_2_shanghai\/ANT07_2_DE_Shanghai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant07_2_shanghai\/ANT07_2_FR_Shanghai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant07_2_shanghai\/ANT07_2_IT_Shanghai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/ant07_2_shanghai\/ANT07_2_ES_Shanghai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Spanish<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10px;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/07\/Shanghai_China\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ESA\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ESA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The European Space Agency&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/glossary\/esa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>esa<\/a>.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/07\/Shanghai_China<\/a> &ndash; presentation of a Sentinel-3 image of East China showing the distribution of towns and the discharge of sediments along the coast\/li&gt;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Videos\/2018\/07\/Earth_from_Space_Shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Videos\/2018\/07\/Earth_from_Space_Shanghai<\/a> &ndash; the same Sentinel-3 image presented in an ESA video\/li&gt;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2019\/06\/Urban_sprawl_in_Shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2019\/06\/Urban_sprawl_in_Shanghai<\/a> &ndash; The urban sprawl in the larger Shanghai area in data from WSF-Evolution\/li&gt;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2016\/10\/Shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2016\/10\/Shanghai<\/a> &ndash; the city in a Sentinel-2 image.\/li&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Growth of a Megacity Shanghai, China&#x2019;s largest city, has experienced rapid growth over the past century. Located on the eastern coast of China, it is an important port city at the mouth of the Yangtze River. Its expansion has been driven by trade, industry, and global investment, making it one of the world&#x2019;s most influential [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":101,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2732","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Shanghai - ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/fr\/anthroposphere\/shanghai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shanghai - 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