{"id":3193,"date":"2025-03-24T15:52:12","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T14:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=3193"},"modified":"2025-03-24T17:21:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T16:21:42","slug":"mont-st-michel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/hydrosphere\/mont-st-michel\/","title":{"rendered":"Mont Saint-Michel"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>An abbey between ebb tide and flood<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd02_3_mont-st-michel\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>With its roots dating back to the 9th century, the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy, France, is famous for its medieval abbey and its unique tidal environment. It attracts approximately 3 million visitors annually, making it one of the country&#x2019;s most popular tourist destinations outside of Paris.<\/p>\n<p>The surrounding bay is renowned for its oyster farming, particularly in the nearby town of Cancale, sometimes referred to as the &#x201C;oyster capital&#x201D; of Brittany. The nutrient-rich waters of Mont Saint-Michel Bay provide an ideal environment for oyster cultivation. With an annual production of approximately 130,000 tons, France is the leading European producer of oysters.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3197\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3197\" class=\"wp-image-3197\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-930x618.jpg\" alt=\"Photo showing the management of oyster cultures at the coast of Brittany near Mont Saint-Michel during ebb tide.\" width=\"600\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-930x618.jpg 930w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-610x405.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-226x150.jpg 226w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_oyster-culture.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3197\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Management of oyster cultures at the coast of Brittany near Mont Saint-Michel (photo: M. Eisl)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<p>The rocky island of Mont Saint-Michel is connected to the mainland by a causeway and is surrounded by vast sandbanks and tidal flats. The tides here are among the highest in Europe, with the sea retreating kilometres before rushing back in. This dynamic environment is similar to the Wadden Sea, a vast coastal ecosystem stretching along the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark.<\/p>\n<p>The flat coastal area consists of intertidal zones, salt marshes, and mudflats. It is one of the world&#x2019;s most important ecosystems for migratory birds, providing a rich feeding ground. The coastal area changes dramatically with the tides, creating a unique and fragile habitat.<\/p>\n<p>To protect these landscapes, integrated nature conservation strategies are used. At Mont Saint-Michel, efforts have been made to restore natural tidal flows by removing human-made structures that caused sediment buildup, specifically a dam that connected the island with the mainland.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Earth observation\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Earth observation&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Observation of the Earth from space, mostly based on satellites.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/earth-observation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Earth observation<\/a> technology plays a key role in monitoring these ecosystems. Satellites track coastline changes, water levels, and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: biodiversity\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;biodiversity&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;biological diversity, variety of all living things and their interactions in an area.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">biodiversity<\/a>. This data helps scientists understand the impact of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: climate change\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;climate change&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns due to natural or man-made effects.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">climate change<\/a>, such as rising sea levels and habitat shifts. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: remote sensing\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;remote sensing&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The technology of acquiring data and information about an object or phenomena by a device without physical contact. Earth remote sensing refers to gathering information about the Earth and its environment from a distance, e.g. with satellites.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/remote-sensing\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Remote sensing<\/a> also detects pollution and human impact, allowing for better conservation planning.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3196\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3196\" class=\"wp-image-3196\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-930x618.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph showing Mount Saint-Michel during ebb tide, surrounded by a vast mudplain.\" width=\"600\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-930x618.jpg 930w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-610x405.jpg 610w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-226x150.jpg 226w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/photo_mont-st-michel.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">During ebb tide, the island of Mont Saint-Michel is surrounded by a vast mudplain (photograph: M. Eisl)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A free-flying object orbiting the Earth, another planet, or the sun.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/satellite\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Satellite<\/a> Map:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Look at the satellite image maps and click on the layer selector in the upper right. If necessary, deselect all layers except the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Sentinel\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sentinel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Series of six different Earth Observation satellite types under responsibility of ESA in the Copernicus programme.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentinel<\/a>-2 overview satellite image from <strong>2023&#xA0;<\/strong>by unticking the respective boxes.<\/li>\n<li>Describe the satellite image and try to identify <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: land cover\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;land cover&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The characteristics of a land surface as determined by its spectral signature (the unique way in which a given type of land cover reflects and absorbs light).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/land-cover\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">land cover<\/a> classes. Use the measure tool to check the distance between the city of New Orleans and the Mississippi <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: delta\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;delta&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Triangularly shaped river mouth formed by sediments carried by the river.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/delta\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Delta<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Deselect the overview satellite image layer and select the &#x201C;<strong>Detail True Colour<\/strong>&#x201D; layer group. Zoom to the area covered by these images and compare the data from <strong>1985<\/strong>, <strong>1995<\/strong>, <strong>2017<\/strong>, and <strong>2023<\/strong> by ticking\/unticking the respective boxes.<\/li>\n<li>What is happening with the coastline and with the vegetation between the arms of the delta?<\/li>\n<li>Use the layer selector to deselect the &#x201C;Detail True Colour&#x201D; layer group and select the &#x201C;<strong>Detail <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: false colour\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;false colour&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A colour imaging process which produces an image of a colour that does not correspond to the true or natural colour of the scene (as seen by our eyes). In Earth observation often used e.g. with infrared data (False colour Infrared, FIR).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/false-colour\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">False Colour<\/a> Infrared<\/strong>&#x201D; layer group. Toggle between the satellite images from <b>1985 <\/b>and <strong>2023<\/strong>. Where are the changes of the coast most prominent? What reasons for the change can you imagine? Think about sediment transport by the river and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: erosion\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;erosion&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Surface processes (e.g. water flow or wind) removing soil, rock, or dissolved material from the Earth&#x2018;s crust and transporting it to another location where it is deposited.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/erosion\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">erosion<\/a> by the sea.<\/li>\n<li>Add the layer &#x201C;<strong>coastline<\/strong>&#x201D; and compare the changes visible here with your findings.<\/li>\n<li>Deselect the &#x201C;Detail False Colour Infrared&#x201D; layer group again, select the layers &#x201C;<strong>Platforms<\/strong>&#x201D; and &#x201C;<strong>Pipelines<\/strong>&#x201C;. Zoom out to show the overview satellite image again. Which potential risks can you identify that could be related to the oil production activities in the coastal region?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Copernicus\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Copernicus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Former name GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), the EU&#x2019;s Copernicus Earth observation programme, comprising in-situ elements (measurement tools) and the space segment (satellites).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/copernicus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Copernicus<\/a> Browser:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the case study area in the <a href=\"https:\/\/link.dataspace.copernicus.eu\/mhaj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copernicus Browser<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Find the most recent Sentinel-2 dataset covering the area displayed in the satellite map. Is it easy to find (more or less) cloud-free images? Why\/why not?<\/li>\n<li>Select a true colour visualisation.<\/li>\n<li>Compare the situation of the tides with that opened originally. Is there more or less of the mudplain visible? What does this tell you about the water level?<\/li>\n<li>Compare with the Satellite Map. Can you identify additional substantial changes?<\/li>\n<li>Select the <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: NDWI\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;NDWI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Normalized Difference Water Index: A method used to identify water bodies in satellite image data based on the information contained in the green and near infrared (NIR) bands. NDWI = (Green - NIR)\/(Green + NIR).&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/ndwi\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>NDWI<\/a> (normalised difference <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Water Index\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Water Index&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Measure of the proportion of an area covered by water.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/water-index\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">water index<\/a>). Using this visualisation, what can be easier discriminated, what more difficult?<\/li>\n<li>Select the false colour infrared representation. Can you identify the land-use of the most intensely vegetated areas (represented by bright red colours)? What can you tell about features in the water?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Downloads:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/><\/td>\n<td>PDF document of the case study (includes exercises):<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd02_3_mont-st-michel\/HYD02_3_EN_Mont-St-Michel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd02_3_mont-st-michel\/HYD02_3_DE_Mont-St-Michel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd02_3_mont-st-michel\/HYD02_3_FR_Mont-St-Michel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd02_3_mont-st-michel\/HYD02_3_IT_Mont-St-Michel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd02_3_mont-st-michel\/HYD02_3_ES_Mont-St-Michel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Spanish<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10px;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Earth_from_Space_Tidal_island\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: ESA\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ESA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The European Space Agency&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/esa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>esa<\/a>.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Earth_from_Space_Tidal_island<\/a> &#x2013; ESA Applications article about Mont Saint-Michel in an image taken by the Pleiades satellite.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/07\/Mont_Saint_Michel\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2012\/07\/Mont_Saint_Michel<\/a> &#x2013; Pleiades satellite image detail of Mont Saint-Michel.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Videos\/2018\/05\/Earth_from_Space_Mont_Saint-Michel\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Videos\/2018\/05\/Earth_from_Space_Mont_Saint-Michel<\/a> &#x2013; ESA Video highlighting a Sentinel-2 image of the Mont Saint-Michel bay area.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Earth_from_Space_Western_France\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Applications\/Observing_the_Earth\/Earth_from_Space_Western_France<\/a> &#x2013; Brittany and Normandy in a large-area <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Envisat\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Envisat&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Environmental Satellite mission, 2002-2012; large platform monitoring the environmental changes on earth and in the atmosphere, scientific mission to study Earth observation applications.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/envisat\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Envisat<\/a> <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  title=\"Glossary: MERIS\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MERIS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer - Instrument aboard Envisat for the observation of the ocean and vegetation, precursor to instruments used by Sentinel-3.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/it\/glossary\/meris\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MERIS<\/a> image.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An abbey between ebb tide and flood With its roots dating back to the 9th century, the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy, France, is famous for its medieval abbey and its unique tidal environment. It attracts approximately 3 million visitors annually, making it one of the country&#x2019;s most popular tourist destinations outside [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":24,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3193","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"it","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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