{"id":3287,"date":"2026-01-20T11:36:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T10:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/?page_id=3287"},"modified":"2026-01-20T11:36:19","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T10:36:19","slug":"kakhovka-dam","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/hydrosphere\/kakhovka-dam\/","title":{"rendered":"Kakhovka Dam"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Destruction as a Consequence of War<\/h2>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd15_3_kakhovka-dam\/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A flood disaster occurred when the <strong>Kakhovka Dam<\/strong>, a large hydroelectric dam on the Dnipro River in southern Ukraine, was destroyed in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine. This event caused severe flooding, affecting settlements, farms, and ecosystems over a wide area.<\/p>\n<p>Built in the mid-20th century as part of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant, the Kakhovka Dam was more than 3 km wide and created a reservoir that held about 18 cubic kilometers of water. The reservoir supplied water for drinking, irrigation, industry, and for cooling systems at the nearby Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, then Europe&#x2019;s largest nuclear facility.<br>\nOn June 6, 2023, the dam was destroyed by explosions causing <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: extensive\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;extensive&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Farming: Agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilizers, and capital, and producing small output relative to the land area being farmed.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/glossary\/extensive\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">extensive<\/a> damage to the structure. Both Russian and Ukrainian sides blamed each other for the destruction.<\/p>\n<p>When the dam failed, the reservoir emptied quickly. Water rushed down the Dnipro River, and communities along the river were hit by flooding. Entire towns and villages were submerged, and in many places only rooftops remained above the water level. Thousands of homes were inundated, forcing tens of thousands of people to flee. Emergency services evacuated residents stranded by rising water. The floods also damaged farms, destroyed crops, and disrupted water supplies for people and for irrigation of agricultural land.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3293\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3293\" class=\"wp-image-3293 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/Flooding_in_Kherson_after_the_destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam_2023_mod.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph of a flooded settlement after the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam\" width=\"600\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/Flooding_in_Kherson_after_the_destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam_2023_mod.jpg 600w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/Flooding_in_Kherson_after_the_destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam_2023_mod-287x150.jpg 287w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/Flooding_in_Kherson_after_the_destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam_2023_mod-400x209.jpg 400w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/Flooding_in_Kherson_after_the_destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam_2023_mod-300x157.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3293\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flooded settlement downstreams after the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam (photograph: armyinform.com.ua)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In some areas, floodwater reached several meters deep. Kherson city and smaller villages downstream from the dam saw large parts of their land and infrastructure flooded.<br>\nDue to the political situation, it was difficult for journalists, scientists, and emergency workers to reach the flooded areas on the ground. Therefore, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: satellite\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;satellite&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;A free-flying object orbiting the Earth, another planet, or the sun.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/glossary\/satellite\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">satellite<\/a> data became essential for understanding the destruction. Data acquired before and after the dam&#x2019;s collapse helped assess the extent of the damage. Beyond the immediate damage, the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam has longer-term consequences. Without the reservoir, water levels in canals dropped, affecting irrigation. Agricultural land risked turning dry and unusable without water. The flood released pollutants and heavy metals contained in sediments on the reservoir floor, remnants from decades of industrial use and farming.<\/p>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Satellite Map:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The satellite map opens with an <strong>overview <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Sentinel\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sentinel&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Series of six different Earth Observation satellite types under responsibility of ESA in the Copernicus programme.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/glossary\/sentinel\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sentinel<\/a>-2 image<\/strong> of the Kakhovka reservoir taken on 2023-05-06, before the dam was destroyed. Try to identify different landcover types. What about agricultural land, water surfaces, built-up areas?<\/li>\n<li>Try to estimate the length and area of the reservoir using the <strong>measure tool<\/strong>. (Note: the area of the reservoir was about 2,150 km&#xB2;).<\/li>\n<li>Look at the areas surrounding the reservoir. What does the change in colour tell you about <strong>seasonal changes<\/strong> or about <strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: land use\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;land use&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;The characteristics of a land surface as determined by its use (the unique way in which a given type of land is &#x2013; or is not &#x2013; exploited by man).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/glossary\/land-use\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">land use<\/a><\/strong>? Think about harvesting activities.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant<\/strong> is located in Enerhodar at the southern rim of the reservoir. Try to identify its location in the satellite map. Why do you think was this place selected? Think about the cooling required for the operation of this type of power plant. What can happen with a nuclear power plant if there is insufficient cooling? Do you know about disasters with nuclear power plants? Think about Chernobyl 1986 or Fukushima 2011.<\/li>\n<li>Let us now look at the situation in <strong>more detail<\/strong>. For this, <strong>deselect <\/strong>the overview Sentinel-2 image 2023-05-06_Sentinel-2_True_color using the <strong>Layer Selector<\/strong>. Zoom to the lower left of the satellite map, where the area around the dam is shown in a <strong>Sentinel-2 detail image from 2023-06-05<\/strong> with better <a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: resolution\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;resolution&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Level of detail an image holds. It is typically measured by the size of pixels (area on the Earth surface covered by one pixel) in the image, often expressed as width &#xD7; height, and indicates how much detail can be captured or displayed. Higher resolution means more detail and clarity in the image.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/glossary\/resolution\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">resolution<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Use the <strong>Layer Selector<\/strong> to switch the detail images from <strong>2023-06-20<\/strong>, <strong>2023-08-04<\/strong>, and <strong>2023-09-13<\/strong> on and off. Try to identify changes and potential reasons for the changes. Think about destruction due to war activities, agricultural activities, and renaturalisation of areas fallen dry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" title=\"Glossary: Copernicus\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Copernicus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Former name GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), the EU&#x2019;s Copernicus Earth observation programme, comprising in-situ elements (measurement tools) and the space segment (satellites).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/glossary\/copernicus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Copernicus<\/a> Browser:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the case study area in the <a href=\"https:\/\/link.dataspace.copernicus.eu\/jb1l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copernicus Browser<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Find the most recent Sentinel-2 dataset covering the area around the Kakhovka Dam displayed in the satellite map.<\/li>\n<li>Select a true colour visualisation.<\/li>\n<li>Can you identify additional, recent changes in the area?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#xA0;<\/p>\n<h3>Links and Sources<\/h3>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Downloads:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1439\" src=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-152x150.png 152w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/pdf-icon-4.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 25px) 100vw, 25px\"\/><\/td>\n<td>PDF document of the case study (includes exercises):<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd15_3_kakhovka-dam\/HYD15_3_EN_Kakhovka.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd15_3_kakhovka-dam\/HYD15_3_DE_Kakhovka.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd15_3_kakhovka-dam\/HYD15_3_FR_Kakhovka.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> French<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd15_3_kakhovka-dam\/HYD15_3_IT_Kakhovka.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/wp-content\/gismaps_maps\/hyd15_3_kakhovka-dam\/HYD15_3_ES_Kakhovka.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Spanish<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"background-color: #444444;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 10px;\"><strong>Links:<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 10px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>&#xA0;<a href=\"https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/stories\/disaster-photos-nova-kakhovka-dam-breach-ukraine_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/stories\/disaster-photos-nova-kakhovka-dam-breach-ukraine_en<\/a> &#x2013; photos documenting the dam breach<\/li>\n<li>&#xA0;<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/map\/ukraine\/kakhovska-dam-damage-and-flood-event-monitoring-using-satellite-data-7-june-2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/map\/ukraine\/kakhovska-dam-damage-and-flood-event-monitoring-using-satellite-data-7-june-2023<\/a> &#x2013; rapid damage assessment based on Sentinel-3 data<\/li>\n<li>&#xA0;<a href=\"https:\/\/ukraine.un.org\/en\/295829-flooding-was-%E2%80%98just-beginning%E2%80%99-kakhovka-dam-disaster-two-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ukraine.un.org\/en\/295829-flooding-was-%E2%80%98just-beginning%E2%80%99-kakhovka-dam-disaster-two-years<\/a> &#x2013; UN report about the aftermath of the disaster<\/li>\n<li>&#xA0;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.preventionweb.net\/news\/water-war-long-term-environmental-consequences-destruction-kakhovka-dam-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.preventionweb.net\/news\/water-war-long-term-environmental-consequences-destruction-kakhovka-dam-ukraine<\/a> &#x2013; environmental consequence of the disaster<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Destruction as a Consequence of War A flood disaster occurred when the Kakhovka Dam, a large hydroelectric dam on the Dnipro River in southern Ukraine, was destroyed in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine. This event caused severe flooding, affecting settlements, farms, and ecosystems over a wide area. Built in the mid-20th century [&#x2026;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":24,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3287","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"en","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","it"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kakhovka Dam - ESA Schoolatlas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/esa-schoolatlas.eu\/esa-schoolatlas\/hydrosphere\/kakhovka-dam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kakhovka Dam - 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